The term "文藝復興" (Renaissance) refers to a cultural movement that began in Italy during the late 14th century and spread across Europe. It marked a revival of interest in the classical art, literature, and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome. This period emphasized humanism, which focused on human potential and achievements, leading to significant advancements in various fields, including art, science, and literature. Key figures of the Renaissance include artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who created iconic works that showcased realism and emotion. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg also played a crucial role in spreading Renaissance ideas, making literature more accessible and fostering a spirit of inquiry and exploration throughout Europe.