延髄 (medulla oblongata) is a vital part of the brain located at the base of the brainstem. It connects the brain to the spinal cord and plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata also controls reflex actions like swallowing, coughing, and sneezing. This structure is part of the central nervous system and is involved in transmitting signals between the brain and the body. Damage to the 延髄 can lead to severe health issues, highlighting its importance in maintaining basic life functions.