The brainstem is a vital part of the central nervous system, located at the base of the brain, connecting it to the spinal cord. It consists of three main sections: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brainstem plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, making it essential for survival. In addition to controlling basic life functions, the brainstem is involved in the transmission of signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It also houses important pathways for cranial nerves, which are responsible for various sensory and motor functions, including vision, hearing, and facial movements.