"少子高齢化" (shōshikōreika) refers to the phenomenon of declining birth rates and an increasing elderly population. This trend is observed in many countries, particularly in Japan, where fewer children are being born while life expectancy rises. As a result, the proportion of older individuals in the population grows, leading to various social and economic challenges. The implications of "少子高齢化" include a shrinking workforce, increased healthcare costs, and potential strains on pension systems. Governments may need to implement policies to address these issues, such as encouraging higher birth rates or adapting to the needs of an aging society.