存在主義 (Existentialism) is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It explores the idea that people create their own meaning and purpose in life, rather than relying on external sources or predetermined values. Key figures in this movement include Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, who argued that individuals must confront the absurdity of life and take responsibility for their actions. Existentialism often addresses themes such as anxiety, alienation, and the search for authenticity. It encourages individuals to embrace their freedom and make choices that reflect their true selves, despite the inherent uncertainties of existence. This philosophy has influenced literature, psychology, and the arts, shaping modern thought and culture.