“城” (chéng) is the Chinese word for "city" or "fortress." It refers to a large human settlement that typically has a significant population and infrastructure. Historically, 城 was often used to describe fortified areas built for defense against invasions, featuring walls and gates. These structures were crucial in ancient China for protecting communities and maintaining order. In modern times, 城 can also refer to urban areas that serve as cultural, economic, and political centers. Cities like 北京 (Beijing) and 上海 (Shanghai) exemplify the evolution of 城, showcasing advancements in technology, architecture, and lifestyle while retaining historical significance.