Homonym: 中華民國 (Taiwan)
中華民國, or the Republic of China (ROC), was established in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty. It was the first democratic republic in Asia and aimed to modernize the country. The ROC initially governed all of China but faced challenges, including civil wars and Japanese invasion during World War II.
After the Chinese Civil War, the ROC retreated to Taiwan in 1949, where it continues to exist today. The government in Taiwan operates independently, with its own political system and economy, although the People's Republic of China (PRC) claims it as part of its territory.