محمد مصدق was an Iranian politician and lawyer who served as the Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. He is best known for his role in nationalizing the oil industry, which had been controlled by foreign companies, particularly the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. This move aimed to increase Iran's control over its natural resources and improve the country's economy. Mossadegh's government faced significant opposition, both domestically and internationally. In 1953, he was overthrown in a coup orchestrated by the CIA and British intelligence, which restored the monarchy under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Mossadegh's legacy remains a topic of debate in Iran and is often associated with the struggle for national sovereignty.