عبد الملك بن مروان was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 685 to 705 CE. He is known for consolidating the Umayyad dynasty's power and implementing significant administrative reforms. His reign marked a period of stability and expansion for the Islamic empire, which included the establishment of Arabic as the official language of administration. He is also recognized for his architectural contributions, most notably the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. This iconic structure is one of the earliest and most important examples of Islamic architecture. عبد الملك's leadership helped shape the future of the Islamic world during a critical period in its history.