صفين is a historical site located in modern-day Syria, known for the significant battle that took place there in 657 CE. This battle, known as the Battle of Siffin, was fought between the forces of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph, and the forces of Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria. The conflict arose from a dispute over the rightful leadership of the Muslim community following the assassination of Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph. The battle is notable for its prolonged duration and the use of arbitration to resolve the conflict, which ultimately failed to bring peace. The events at صفين had lasting implications for the early Islamic community, contributing to the division between Sunni and Shia Muslims. This division continues to influence Islamic thought and politics to this day.