جان بول سارتر (Jean-Paul Sartre) was a French philosopher, playwright, and novelist, born on June 21, 1905. He is best known for his contributions to existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice. Sartre's works, such as Being and Nothingness, explore the nature of existence and the responsibilities that come with it. In addition to philosophy, سارتر was a prominent literary figure, writing plays like No Exit and novels such as Nausea. He was also politically active, advocating for socialism and engaging in various social issues throughout his life. Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 but famously declined it, stating that a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution.