تالکوت پارسونز (Talcott Parsons) was an influential American sociologist known for his work in the mid-20th century. He is best recognized for developing the theory of structural functionalism, which views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order. His ideas emphasized the importance of social institutions and their roles in maintaining societal equilibrium. Parsons' major works include The Social System and The Structure of Social Action, where he explored the interconnections between individual actions and larger social structures. His theories have significantly shaped the field of sociology, influencing both contemporary thought and research methodologies.