اُلوغ‌بیگ (Ulugh Beg) was a prominent Persian astronomer, mathematician, and ruler of the Timurid Empire in the 15th century. Born in 1394, he was the grandson of the famous conqueror Timur. Ulugh Beg is best known for establishing an observatory in Samarkand, where he conducted groundbreaking astronomical research and compiled a star catalog that included the positions of over 1,000 stars. His contributions to science were significant, particularly in the field of astronomy. Ulugh Beg's work laid the foundation for future astronomical studies and influenced later scholars. Despite his achievements, he faced political challenges and was ultimately assassinated in 1449, but his legacy endures in the history of science.