اموی refers to the Umayyad Caliphate, which was the first major Islamic caliphate established after the death of the Prophet محمد. It lasted from 661 to 750 CE and was known for its vast territorial expansion, stretching from Spain in the west to India in the east. The Umayyads were instrumental in spreading Islam and Arabic culture across these regions. The capital of the Umayyad Caliphate was دمشق (Damascus), which became a center of administration and culture. The Umayyads are also known for their architectural achievements, including the construction of the مسجد الأقصى (Al-Aqsa Mosque) and the قبة الصخرة (Dome of the Rock) in Jerusalem. Their rule ended with the rise of the عباسيين (Abbasids), who overthrew them in 750 CE.