The "Упанішади" are ancient Indian texts that form the philosophical basis of Hinduism. They are part of the larger body of scriptures known as the Vedas and focus on spiritual knowledge and meditation. The Upanishads explore concepts such as the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate purpose of life. Composed between 800 and 400 BCE, the Upanishads emphasize the importance of personal experience and introspection. They introduce key ideas like Brahman (the ultimate reality) and Atman (the individual soul), highlighting the relationship between the two. These texts have significantly influenced various spiritual traditions and philosophies throughout history.