Калуга is a city located in western Russia, serving as the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast. It lies about 150 kilometers southwest of Moscow and is known for its rich history, dating back to the 14th century. The city is situated on the banks of the Oka River, which adds to its scenic beauty. The economy of Kaluga is diverse, with industries such as automotive, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals playing significant roles. The city is also recognized for its educational institutions, including the Kaluga State University, which contributes to the local workforce and innovation.