The notation "φ(8)" refers to the Euler's totient function, which counts the number of positive integers up to a given integer that are relatively prime to it. For the number 8, φ(8) calculates how many integers from 1 to 8 do not share any common factors with 8 other than 1. To find φ(8), we first identify the integers from 1 to 8: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The integers that are relatively prime to 8 are 1, 3, 5, 7. Thus, φ(8) equals 4, indicating that there are four integers less than or equal to 8 that are coprime to it.