Φίλιππος Β' (Philip II) was the king of Macedonia from 359 to 336 BC. He is best known for unifying the city-states of Greece under Macedonian hegemony. His military innovations and strategic prowess allowed him to expand his kingdom significantly, laying the groundwork for the future conquests of his son, Alexander the Great. Philip's reign marked a turning point in ancient history, as he established the Macedonian phalanx, a formidable military formation. He also initiated the construction of a powerful navy and engaged in diplomatic marriages to strengthen alliances. His assassination in 336 BC led to the rise of Alexander and the eventual spread of Hellenistic culture.