"Why Nations Fail" is a book by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson that explores the reasons behind economic disparities among nations. The authors argue that political and economic institutions shape the success or failure of countries. Inclusive institutions promote innovation and economic growth, while extractive institutions concentrate power and wealth, leading to stagnation. The book emphasizes the importance of political power distribution and property rights in fostering economic development. By analyzing historical examples, Acemoglu and Robinson illustrate how nations with inclusive institutions tend to thrive, while those with extractive systems often face poverty and instability.