"Why Nations Fail" is a book by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson that explores the reasons behind the economic success or failure of nations. The authors argue that inclusive political and economic institutions promote prosperity, while extractive institutions lead to poverty and stagnation. The book emphasizes the role of political power and how it shapes economic outcomes. Nations that empower a broad segment of society tend to thrive, while those that concentrate power in the hands of a few often experience corruption and inequality, hindering growth and development.