Papua New Guinea is an island nation located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and includes numerous smaller islands. The country is known for its diverse cultures, with over 800 distinct languages spoken, making it one of the most linguistically diverse places in the world. The geography of Papua New Guinea features rugged mountains, dense rainforests, and beautiful coastlines. Its economy is primarily based on agriculture, mining, and fishing. The nation is rich in natural resources, including gold, copper, and oil, which contribute significantly to its economic development.