Montaigne was a French philosopher and writer born in 1533, known for popularizing the essay as a literary form. His work, particularly the collection titled "Essais," explores a wide range of topics, including human nature, education, and morality. Montaigne's writing is characterized by personal reflection and a conversational style, making complex ideas accessible to readers. He is often regarded as a precursor to modern skepticism and individualism, emphasizing the importance of personal experience and introspection. Montaigne's influence extends to various fields, including literature, philosophy, and psychology, inspiring thinkers like Rene Descartes and Friedrich Nietzsche.