James VI of Scotland was born on June 19, 1566, and became king at just 13 months old after the abdication of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots. His reign began in 1567 and lasted until 1625, making him one of the longest-serving monarchs in Scottish history. He was known for his efforts to unify Scotland and England. In 1603, James VI also became James I of England after the death of Queen Elizabeth I, marking the beginning of the Stuart dynasty in England. His rule is noted for the promotion of the arts, including the commissioning of the King James Bible, and for navigating complex political challenges during a time of religious conflict.