The year 1960 was marked by significant global events and cultural shifts. It was the year when John F. Kennedy was elected as the 35th President of the United States, leading to a new era in American politics. The Cold War tensions continued to rise, particularly with the U-2 incident, where an American spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. In the realm of civil rights, 1960 saw the beginning of the sit-in movement, where African American students protested segregation at lunch counters in the South. This year also witnessed the establishment of OPEC, which aimed to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among its member countries.