The 産業革命, or Industrial Revolution, was a period of significant economic and technological change that began in the late 18th century in イギリス. It marked the transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, characterized by the rise of factories, mass production, and the use of machinery. This shift led to increased productivity and changes in labor patterns, as many people moved from rural areas to cities for work. The 産業革命 introduced innovations such as the steam engine and spinning jenny, which transformed industries like textiles and transportation. It also had profound social impacts, including urbanization and changes in living conditions. Overall, the 産業革命 laid the foundation for the modern economic landscape.