ヴァーツラフ・ハヴェル was a Czech playwright, dissident, and politician who served as the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic. Born on October 5, 1936, he became a prominent figure in the fight against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia during the 1970s and 1980s. His activism and writings, particularly the play "The Garden Party," highlighted the absurdities of totalitarianism. In 1989, ハヴェル played a key role in the ビロード革命, which peacefully ended communist rule in Czechoslovakia. He was elected president in December 1989 and later served as the first president of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003. ハヴェル is remembered for his commitment to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.