マルクス refers to Karl Marx, a 19th-century philosopher, economist, and social theorist known for his critique of capitalism. He co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" with Friedrich Engels, which outlines the struggles between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class). Marx's ideas laid the foundation for modern socialism and communism. Marx's most significant work, "Das Kapital," analyzes the capitalist system and its economic dynamics. He argued that capitalism leads to class struggle and exploitation, ultimately predicting its downfall and the rise of a classless society. His theories have influenced various political movements and ideologies worldwide.