ビロード革命 (Velvet Revolution) was a peaceful protest movement in チェコスロバキア that took place in late 1989. It aimed to end 41 years of communist rule and restore democracy. The movement began with a student demonstration on November 17, which quickly gained momentum as citizens from various backgrounds joined in. The revolution culminated in a series of non-violent protests, leading to the resignation of the communist government by December 29, 1989. ヴァーツラフ・ハヴェル, a prominent dissident, became the first president of the newly democratic チェコスロバキア, marking a significant shift in the country's political landscape.