Wine varieties refer to the different types of grapes used to produce wine. Each grape variety has unique characteristics, including flavor, aroma, and color, which influence the final product. Common varieties include Chardonnay, known for its crispness, and Cabernet Sauvignon, famous for its bold, rich taste. The choice of grape variety also affects the wine's style, such as whether it is red, white, or rosé. Additionally, factors like climate and soil can impact how grapes grow, leading to distinct regional expressions. Understanding these varieties helps wine enthusiasts appreciate the diversity of wines available.