Web sockets are a technology that enables real-time communication between a web browser and a server. Unlike traditional HTTP requests, which require a new connection for each interaction, web sockets maintain a single, open connection. This allows for continuous data exchange, making it ideal for applications like chat services and live notifications. With web sockets, data can be sent and received instantly, reducing latency and improving user experience. They are particularly useful in scenarios where timely updates are crucial, such as online gaming or financial trading platforms, where every millisecond counts.