Water quality assessment is the process of evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water to determine its suitability for various uses, such as drinking, recreation, and agriculture. This assessment helps identify pollutants and contaminants that may affect human health and the environment. To conduct a water quality assessment, samples are collected from different sources, like rivers, lakes, and groundwater. These samples are then analyzed for parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of harmful substances like heavy metals or bacteria. The results guide management practices to protect and improve water quality.