Virtualization techniques allow multiple virtual instances of operating systems or applications to run on a single physical machine. This is achieved through software called a hypervisor, which manages the resources and allocates them to each virtual environment. Common types of virtualization include server virtualization, desktop virtualization, and application virtualization. These techniques enhance resource utilization, reduce hardware costs, and simplify management. By isolating different environments, virtualization also improves security and allows for easier backup and recovery. Organizations often use virtualization to create test environments or to run legacy applications alongside modern systems.