Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are a type of rechargeable battery that store energy in liquid electrolytes containing vanadium ions. They work by circulating these electrolytes through a cell where chemical reactions occur, allowing for energy storage and release. This design enables them to provide a stable and scalable energy solution, making them suitable for large-scale applications like renewable energy integration. One of the key advantages of VRFBs is their long cycle life and ability to discharge energy over extended periods. Unlike traditional batteries, they can be easily scaled by increasing the size of the storage tanks, which makes them ideal for energy management in solar and wind power systems.