The uterine artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the uterus, which is essential for its function and health. It branches off from the internal iliac artery and travels along the side of the uterus, providing nutrients necessary for the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining. In addition to the uterus, the uterine artery also supplies blood to nearby structures, including the cervix and part of the vagina. This artery plays a crucial role during pregnancy, as it increases blood flow to support the developing fetus and the changes occurring in the endometrium.