Upstream companies are businesses involved in the initial stages of the production process, particularly in the oil and gas industry. They focus on exploration and extraction of natural resources, such as crude oil and natural gas. These companies invest in drilling wells and developing fields to bring these resources to the surface. In addition to oil and gas, upstream activities can also include mining and other resource extraction industries. Upstream companies play a crucial role in the supply chain, providing the raw materials needed for downstream processes, which include refining and distribution.