A universal testing machine (UTM) is a device used to test the mechanical properties of materials. It applies controlled tension, compression, or bending forces to a sample, measuring how the material responds under stress. This helps determine properties like tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. UTMs are essential in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and materials science. They ensure that materials meet safety and quality standards before being used in products or structures. By providing accurate data, UTMs help engineers and designers make informed decisions about material selection and design.