Unemployment claims are requests made by individuals who have lost their jobs and are seeking financial assistance from the government. These claims allow eligible workers to receive temporary income while they search for new employment. The process typically involves filling out an application and providing information about previous employment. When a claim is approved, the individual receives benefits, which can vary based on factors like previous earnings and state regulations. The U.S. Department of Labor oversees unemployment insurance programs, ensuring that funds are distributed fairly and efficiently to those in need.