Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a group of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. They play a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism by dissipating the proton gradient generated during cellular respiration. This process generates heat instead of ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells. UCPs are important for thermogenesis, especially in brown adipose tissue, where they help maintain body temperature in cold conditions. They are also involved in metabolic processes related to obesity and diabetes, making them a focus of research in understanding energy balance and weight management.