Unaffiliated scholars are individuals who engage in academic research or scholarship but do not hold a formal position at a university or research institution. They may be independent researchers, retired academics, or professionals who pursue scholarly interests outside of traditional academic settings. This group often contributes to various fields by publishing papers, participating in conferences, and collaborating with affiliated scholars. These scholars can be found in diverse disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. They often rely on personal funding, grants, or partnerships with organizations to support their work. Unaffiliated scholars play a vital role in expanding knowledge and fostering innovation within their respective fields.