Two-way binding is a programming concept often used in frameworks like Angular and React. It allows for automatic synchronization between the user interface (UI) and the underlying data model. When a user makes changes in the UI, those changes are instantly reflected in the data model, and vice versa. This feature simplifies the development process by reducing the need for manual updates. Developers can focus on building applications without worrying about keeping the UI and data in sync. This leads to more efficient coding and a smoother user experience, as changes are seamlessly communicated in both directions.