Turbulence theory studies the chaotic and irregular flow of fluids, such as air and water. It explains how these fluids can transition from smooth, laminar flow to turbulent flow, characterized by swirling eddies and unpredictable patterns. Understanding turbulence is essential in fields like aerodynamics, meteorology, and oceanography. Researchers use mathematical models and simulations to analyze turbulence, aiming to predict its behavior in various conditions. This theory helps improve designs in aircraft, ships, and pipelines, enhancing efficiency and safety by minimizing drag and optimizing performance in turbulent environments.