The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic optimization problem in computer science and mathematics. It involves finding the shortest possible route for a salesman to visit a set of cities and return to the starting point. The challenge lies in determining the most efficient path among all possible routes, which increases exponentially as more cities are added. TSP is significant in various fields, including logistics, planning, and manufacturing. It serves as a benchmark for many algorithms and is related to other problems like the Hamiltonian cycle and vehicle routing problem. Solving TSP can help improve efficiency in transportation and delivery services.