Transduction is the process by which one form of energy is converted into another. In biological systems, it often refers to how sensory receptors transform external stimuli, like light or sound, into electrical signals that the nervous system can interpret. For example, in the human eye, photoreceptors convert light into neural signals that the brain processes as visual images. In addition to sensory systems, transduction is also a key concept in molecular biology. Here, it describes how cells respond to external signals, such as hormones or growth factors, by converting these signals into cellular responses. This process is crucial for communication within and between cells, influencing various physiological functions.