Transaction management refers to the process of handling a series of operations that must be completed successfully to ensure data integrity. It ensures that all parts of a transaction, such as database updates or financial exchanges, are executed correctly. If any part fails, the entire transaction can be rolled back to maintain a consistent state. In computing, transaction management is crucial for systems like relational databases and online payment systems. It typically involves concepts like ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) to guarantee that transactions are processed reliably, even in the event of errors or system failures.