Topographic mapping is a method of representing the Earth's surface in three dimensions on a two-dimensional map. These maps use contour lines to show elevation changes, allowing users to visualize hills, valleys, and flat areas. Each line connects points of equal elevation, helping to illustrate the terrain's shape and steepness. In addition to elevation, topographic maps often include features such as rivers, roads, and vegetation. They are commonly used in activities like hiking, land surveying, and urban planning. Understanding these maps is essential for navigating and analyzing the physical landscape, making them valuable tools for outdoor enthusiasts and professionals alike.