A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is a safety feature in vehicles that monitors the air pressure in each tire. It alerts the driver when tire pressure falls below a certain level, helping to prevent accidents and improve fuel efficiency. There are two types of TPMS: direct and indirect. Direct TPMS uses sensors inside each tire to measure pressure, while indirect TPMS estimates tire pressure based on wheel speed and other factors. Both systems aim to ensure optimal tire performance and enhance overall vehicle safety.