Thermal turbulence refers to the chaotic movement of air caused by temperature differences in the atmosphere. When the sun heats the Earth's surface, some areas become warmer than others, creating rising columns of warm air. This rising air can mix with cooler air, leading to swirling patterns and unpredictable movements, which we often experience as gusty winds. This phenomenon is commonly observed in weather patterns and can affect everything from airplane flights to local climates. Pilots, for instance, must be aware of thermal turbulence when flying, as it can cause sudden changes in altitude and affect the comfort of passengers on board.