Thermal management refers to the process of controlling the temperature of a system to ensure optimal performance and longevity. This is crucial in various applications, such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace, where excessive heat can lead to failures or reduced efficiency. Effective thermal management techniques include heat sinks, thermal insulation, and active cooling systems. In electronics, for example, heat sinks dissipate heat away from components like microprocessors to prevent overheating. In vehicles, radiators help maintain engine temperature, while thermal paste improves heat transfer between surfaces. Overall, proper thermal management enhances reliability and safety in many technologies.