The standard model of particle physics is a theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe. It includes three main categories of particles: quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons, while leptons include particles like electrons. Gauge bosons are force carriers, such as the photon for electromagnetic force and gluons for the strong force. This model also incorporates the Higgs boson, which is responsible for giving mass to other particles through the Higgs field. Although the standard model successfully explains many phenomena, it does not include gravity or dark matter, indicating that further research is needed.