The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic optimization problem in mathematics and computer science. It involves finding the shortest possible route that allows a salesman to visit a set of cities exactly once and return to the starting point. The challenge lies in the fact that the number of possible routes increases factorially with the number of cities, making it difficult to solve as the number of locations grows. TSP has practical applications in logistics, planning, and manufacturing, where efficient routing can save time and costs. Various algorithms, including dynamic programming and genetic algorithms, have been developed to find approximate solutions, as finding the exact solution is computationally intensive for larger datasets.